A broad class of evolution equations are approximately controllable, but never exactly controllable
Universidad de Los Andes, Departamento de Matemáticas, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
As we have announced in the title of this work, we show that a broad class of evolution equations are approximately controllable but never exactly controllable. This class is represented by the following infinite-dimensional time-varying control system:
z' = A(t)z + B(t)u(t), t > 0, z
Z
where Z, U are Banach spaces, the control function u belong to Lp(0, t1; U), t1 > 0, 1 < p <
, B
, L
(0, t1; L(U, Z)) and A(t) generates a strongly continuous evolution operator U(t, s) according to Pazy (1983; Semigroups of Linear Operators with Applications to Partial Differential Equations). Specifically, we prove the following statement: If U(t, s) is compact for 0
s < t
t1, then the system can never be exactly controllable on [0, t1]. This class is so large that includes diffusion equations, damped flexible beam equation, some thermoelastic equations, strongly damped wave equations, etc.
Keywords: evolution equations; approximate and exact controllability; compact operators.